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(historical) A male given name from Ancient Greek.
(specifically) A king of Lydia, noted for his great wealth. quotations examples
“ […] They talk of you as if you were Croesus—and I expect the beggars sponge on you unconscionably.” And Vickers launched forth into a tirade very different from his platform utterances. He spoke with extreme contempt of the dense stupidity exhibited on all occasions by the working classes.
1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XIII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company
plural Croesuses or Croesi
(figuratively) A rich person. quotations examples
"Decidedly he was to be a great man, and this was not the moment for letting him go! At the same time there was something impressive in this extraordinary lapse in his eagerness—in his finding it so easy to forget his honors. It was only an intellectual Croesus, the Countess said to herself, who could afford to keep so loose an account."
1875, Henry James, "Benvolio" in The Galaxy 20 (2) (August 1875).